Reconfiguring the Medieval Knight in Christopher Nolan’s Batman Begins - Literature Essay Samples

Batman Begins, the first installment of Christopher Nolan’s The Dark Knight Trilogy, offers a Batman that that reflects all the moral complexity and ambiguity of Gotham City’s society. Compared to the Batman of previous films, Nolan presents a darker side of the â€Å"superhero† mythos in an effort to bring the humanity, and thus fallibility, of such figures to light (Johnson, 952). Indeed, the 2005 remake rejects much of the â€Å"traditional† Batman archetype and encourages novel interpretations of the vigilante’s motivations against the standard grain of thought (952). Similarly, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a critique of the English romance, its ideals of chivalry, and all its attendant ethics. Two categories of medieval knighthood are of particular interest: a man’s armor and his chivalric code. In Batman Begins,theconcept and significance of the Batsuit is not an update to the armor of the medieval knight because both function in the same manner. Moreover, if the medieval knight for comparison is Sir Gawain, Batman can be viewed not so much as a modernization but a more flexible expression and application of a personal code of ethics. On a practical level, Nolan’s Batman is a reiteration of the late medieval and early Renaissance knightly image. Anglo-Saxon England of the late tenth century existed in a rudimentary division of society by occupation, which eventually came to be known as the three estates: those that prayed, those that fought, and those that labored, translating into monks, soldiers, and peasants (Allen, 25-26). According to the Christian theologian Honorius of Autun of the twelfth century, these divisions found ideological justification in Noah’s sons Shem (freemen), Japher (knights), and Ham (serfs); however, the estates followed old tribal patterns rather than resulting from Norman invasion (26). The same social order persisted into the fourteenth century, evidenced by its appearance in Piers Plowman (26). For the soldiers of these times, overflowing wealth and a high social standing were essential in solidifying their identity as knights. As long as the knight was free of the econo mic burdens that plagued the third estate, he was able to focus on his sole vocation of battle through constant training, participation in tournaments, and ultimately war (Gearhart, 667). Likewise, Bruce Wayne’s affluence and position as owner of Wayne Enterprises not only affords him the time and means to travel the world and train with the League of Shadows, but also gives him access to prototypes of defense technologies which he develops into the Batsuit and the Batmobile upon his return to Gotham. Moreover, Bruce deliberately makes a show of his wealth and leisurely lifestyle in order to allay suspicion of his vigilante activities. Additionally, most knights of the Middle Ages provided their own equipment for battle, with the noblemen using the strongest war horses and the latest style of armor (668). In this way, armor became a central aspect to a knight’s identity. Aside from protection and defense, critic Grant Gearhart postulates two more functions of armor for a knight: first, to symbolize the ritualistic transition from nonwarrior to warrior, and second, to enhance their silhouette as an exhibition of male physicality (666). The medieval knight necessarily conducted himself in a different manner in times of war than in times of peace – for example, armor could serve as a show of wealth at tournaments, but it also gave the knight license to kill in his role as protector (670). Similarly, the Batsuit redefines Wayne from his â€Å"playboy notoriety† to a man of moral virtue whenever he enters his crime-fighting mode. While still preoccupied with vengeance for the death of his parents, W ayne boldly confronts mob boss Carmine Falcone; however, Falcone states that he rules Gotham with â€Å"the power of fear,† (Batman Begins, 00:29:10) and that Wayne as an upper-class socialite couldn’t know about â€Å"the ugly side of life† (00:29:37). â€Å"This is a world you’ll never understand,† Falcone tells Wayne, â€Å"and you always fear what you don’t understand† (00:29:51-57). Before he can reconcile his anger and confront the degradation of the city, Wayne must first shed his privileged veneer so as to understand the criminal world of men like Falcone. This is demonstrated in Wayne’s symbolic trading of his expensive coat for a homeless man’s jacket, which is done immediately before running aboard a ship (00:30:54). Therefore, the contrast between the scenes depicting the discarding of the coat and the later creation of the Batsuit signifies the movement from the civilian Bruce Wayne to the moral paragon Batm an. The detailing of a medieval knight’s plate armor morphed his body into a more imposing form, resulting in an artificial exaggeration of the traits used to determine the strength, masculinity, and dominance of the man within (Gearhart, 676). Thus, the warrior was able to adopt the physique and persona of a typical hero regardless of his actual body shape. When Wayne returns to Gotham City, Lucius Fox introduces him to the â€Å"Nomex Survival Suit for Advanced Infantry† (Batman Begins,00:50:52) that is manufactured from a â€Å"Kevlar bi-weave† (00:50:54) which, while not entirely bulletproof, will protect him from everything except a â€Å"straight shot† (00:51:00). The Batsuit, in combination with his seven years of rigorous training under with the League of Shadows, works to both literally and figuratively enhance Wayne’s physical prowess. Fox’s description also highlights the utilitarian components of the suit, which allows it to function in the same way that battle armor did for the medieval knight (Gearhart, 676). Indeed, as Rachel Dressler contends, â€Å"Knights are most fully men only when they are completely encased in armor† (cited in Gearhart, 670). Batman’s cowl is somewhat paradoxical to the rest of the suit in its zoomorphic appearance. The large, straight nose, permanently furrowed brow, and pointed ears of the headpiece recall the motifs of medieval folklore which frequently modified a warrior’s armor into an inhuman form (672). Gearhart contends that not only could such â€Å"perceived physical transformations create the illusion that one could transcend one’s physical identity,† but also â€Å"usually signal[led] a sudden spike in the warrior’s martial capabilities in battle† (672). Norse and Celt folklore in particular often recount tales of warriors morphing into animals on the battlefield, and despite medieval writers denying the capacity of armor to turn a man into an animal or other monster, the inclusion of the trope suggests the importance of the psychological impact these distortions could produce in the midst of war (673). Thus, Wayne’s choice of design for the cow l is rooted in an old practice that strives to dehumanize the armored man, while other components of the suit simultaneously work to augment the human image. The concept of the Batsuit is credited in part to Duchard’s training at the League of Shadows’ complex. When the Ra’s al Ghul decoy asks Wayne why he has come to them, he responds, â€Å"I seek the means to fight injustice †¦ to turn fear against those who prey on the fearful† (Batman Begins 00:08:29-38). Duchard tells him that â€Å"To manipulate the fears in others, you must first master your own† (00:09:02-07). Aristotle in his Nicomachean Ethics describes courage as the mean between the opposing extremes of cowardice and rashness. It is therefore not the absence of fear, as some fears are considered noble, but the expression of a rational control over one’s fear. An excess of this control does not result in a higher estimation of courage but instead indicates foolhardiness. At the same time, too little control is considered cowardice. Thus, an acknowledgment and regulation of fear are both necessary if one is to have courage. Duchard ’s requirement for Wayne to master his fear echoes Aristotle’s judgement as well, and Wayne successfully comes to terms with his fear of bats in the final stage of his training. Thus, the bat-like appearance of his suit marks his successful control over his emotions when faced with his greatest fear and further enables him the ability to direct its power toward his enemies. The theme of tempering cowardice and foolhardiness is also present in the Arthurian romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. At the beginning of the poem, many lines are devoted to the description of King Arthur and his court. The Christmas celebration has all the makings of a sumptuous feast, but Arthur refuses to join in the festivities until he hears a tale of outstanding feats, â€Å"the tallest of tales, yet one ringing with truth,† or witnesses two challengers â€Å"lay life on the line, to stare death face-to-face and accept defeat† (Sir Gawain, ll. 94, 97-98). Though the poet assures the reader that this is a common occurrence at festivals of Camelot’s castle, and immediately depicts Arthur with â€Å"proud and fine† features as he stands â€Å"tall and straight,† the stanza nonetheless suggests a negative aspect to Arthur’s youthful cheer (ll. 100-104). By extension, the court and their representation of romantic ideals is also poten tially harmful in their careless revelry (Anderson, 342). When the Green Knight rides in, as if to fulfill the King’s wish, the court is awed into silence – the poet notes that â€Å"They gaped and they gawked and were mute with amazement† (Sir Gawain,ll. 232-233). Even several of the high lords â€Å"were like statues in their seats, left speechless and rigid, not risking a response† (ll. 241-242). Given no satisfactory answer, the Green Knight rebukes the court whose virtues are extolled across the lands: â€Å"Where’s the fortitude and fearlessness you’re so famous for? And the breathtaking bravery and the big-mouth bragging?† (ll. 311-312). In contrast to the others present at the feast, the Green Knight’s words insult Arthur so much so that â€Å"Blood flowed to his fine-featured face and he raged inside,† and he immediately seizes the Knight’s axe in acceptance of the challenge (ll. 317-318). King Arthur and his court, therefore, situate themselves at opposite ends of the spectrum – King Arthur in his youth acts out of rashness, and the court holds their silence out of cowardice. Gawain finds Arthur’s involvement in the Green Knight’s game â€Å"unfitting† (l. 348) when other â€Å"brave, bold men are seated on these benches† (l. 351) and appeals to take up the trial in his humility as the â€Å" weakest of [Arthur’s] warriors and feeblest of wit† (l. 354). Consequently, Gawain works to moderate his uncle’s quick action and the court’s lack thereof. In doing so, Gawain like Batman places himself at the median between rash action and paralyzing fear. Yet Gawain later proves subject to his own mortal fear, evidenced in his acceptance of the green silk girdle. In fact, majority of the current critical interest in the poem centers on the moral status of his actions on the third day spent in Bertilak’s castle. And like Batman’s embodiment of his individual fear in his Batsuit, Gawain’s armor with the addition of the girdle also reflects his own internal conflict. But while Batman’s armor is an external announcement that he has been purged of his fear, Gawain’s material aspects reflect an ingrained sense of moral virtue that is associated with physical appearance. The description of his â€Å"gear which glimmered and gleamed† (l. 569) includes â€Å"highly polished plates [that] were knotted with gold thread† (ll. 577-578), a suit of â€Å"shimmering steel rings† (l. 580), and â€Å"glinting metal gloves† (l. 583). Fully armed, Gawain appears â€Å"fabulous, famous, every link looking golden to the very last loop† (ll. 590-591). Even more explicit is the pentangle of Gawain’s shield, with each of its five points representing a set of five personal virtues. The first point stands for Gawain’s flawless five senses, the second, his faultless five fingers, the third, that Gawain’s faith is founded in the five wounds Christ received on the cross, the fourth, the five joys of Mary, and the fifth as the â€Å"five things which meant more to Gawain than to most other men†: friendship, fraternity, purity, politeness, and pity (ll. 640-655). If the brightness of Gawain’s armor does not imply his as yet untarnished ideals (Anderson, 350), then certainly his shield depicts him â€Å"as the noblest knight† (Sir Gawain,l. 639). Recalling the tropes of Norse and Celtic folklore, the function of armor in both Sir Gawain and Batman Begins exceeds the limitations of the human form to become a reflection of Gawain’s and Batman’s respective moral codes. As mentioned above, Gawain’s armor gives him a â€Å"new-minted quality† (Anderson, 350), and it is important to note that the poem focuses on the glint of the armor rather than the armor itself. By such descriptions, the armor does not entirely fulfill any of Gearhart’s proposed three functions of armor. Its purpose of protecting Gawain is suggested, but it does not mark the transition from nonwarrior to warrior, nor does it enhance Gawain’s physique as the detailed abdominal section of the Batsuit does for Wayne. So much of Gawain’s belief system is given physical significance in lieu of his masculine features that he becomes less a man and more a symbol of ideal knightly virtue. Likewise, Bruce Wayne needs to bec ome more than a man if he is to restore justice to Gotham City. In his private jet back to Gotham, Wayne tells his butler Alfred, â€Å"As a man, I’m flesh and blood. I can be ignored. I can be destroyed. But as a symbol – as a symbol I can be incorruptible† (Batman Begins, 00:42:09-18). The implication of Nolan’s and the Sir Gawainpoet’s characterization, therefore, is to explore the efficacy of idealism in the face of moral ambiguity. Though Gawain and Batman make efforts to symbolically setcasttheir morality in stoneiron, the trials that each must face ultimately demand more from these knights than their armor alone can provide. The difference in the context of those trials necessitates different reactions from Gawain and Batman, and this is where the two diverge from their similar depictions. Notably, Bertilak as the Green Knight and the lord of the castle oasis frames both of his challenges in terms of games. There is no direct combat in the first, but only a single strike of the axe. And there is no physical combat whatsoever in the latter, but a trading of spoils won each day. Gawain’s armor, therefore, is not entirely necessary in its battle sense. The heightened functionality of the Nomex Survival Suit plays a significant role in comparison to Gawain’s armor. Batman as being concerned specifically with criminal activity cannot anticipate the actions of his enemies, a lesson learned on his first day in the complex and reinforced with the revelation of Henri Ducard as the real Ras al Ghul. For this reason, he needs more in the way of defense and protection than Gawain requires. Furthermore, the Batsuit (and nearly all of Batman’s accessories) isarepainted black to grant him better secrecy under the cover of night, where Gawain’s armor would negate all attempts at stealth. Thus, the armor of Arthur’s court has been reconfigured in its service to the particular needs of Batman. Those different reactions enact a succeeding difference in morality by the poem’s and the film’s end. J. J. Anderson critiques the three different judgements of Sir Gawains performace under the tests to his virtue. The first is from the Green Knight who deems Gawain has failed in part, the second judgement of Gawain has failed completely is from Gawain himself, and the third is from the coourt who judges that Gawain has not failed at all, denoted in their laughter at Gawains explanations and adoption of green girdles to their dress (Anderson, 338-339). Gawains opinion of his actions indicate his ethos of chivalry to be rigidly defined, which is supported by the pentangle that adorns his shield. As the design of the pentangle is continuous, so too are the pentads of knighthood linked in Gawain. It cannot be separated into its components, and if one area should fail then the whole structure will fail (351). For Gawain then, there can be no tolerance of any slight to his c ode of ethics. He is a knight where the question of morality extends beyond the confines of the court and into the bedroom. Gawains own harsh judgement speaks to chivalry as a system, one that is limited due to its primarily social and ethical applications according to Anderson (353). Demonstrated in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Gawains moral idealism is not feasible and such a system cannot cope with the eventuality of morality in particular. Batman, on the other hand, exhibits a flexibility in judgement that Gawain does not in an effort to avoid the dangerous absolutism of Ras al Ghul (Johnson, 964). Throughout the film, Batman seems to act out a kind of moral critique described by Friedrich Nietzsche where he tests the utility of various values (957). This is especially apparent in his refusal to kill a thief and murderer as proof of his commitment to justitce (Batman Begins, 00:36:31) cotrasted against his lack of action to save Ras al Ghuls life. Batmans reaction to Ras al Ghuls imminent death is inconsistent with a beilef that allowing a death is the same as causing a death, especially since Batman created the conditions that put Ras life in danger. Not only does he lose many assumptions about the simple nature of right and wrong (00:31:39-45), but Batman also realizes that maintaining all of the positive value systems in less extreme scenarios is impossible in a heightened situation. Letting the thief-murderer live and Ras al Ghul die signals a recognition that adherence to a strict moral code could potentially lead to unwanted outcomes, such as the perversion of justice that Ras follows. Thus, through the two different responses, Batman is testing and rejecting various systems as they may apply in a city of rapid moral failure. Using a knights armor as the most basic unit of identity, Batman recalls many aspects of the medieval knight. The Batsuit and Sir Gawains armor share similarities in function and appearance concurrently with significant differences. Furthermore, Batmans faith in the potential of Gotham City not only distinguishes him from his enemies, but also from Sir Gawain. Gawains moral idealism ignores the deeper morality which is informed by a sense of human frailty (Anderson, 353), while Batmans morality recognizes the difficulty in adopting moral absolutes in a city of such complexity as Gotham (Johnson, 958). In this city, some moral codes must be broken in order to preserve others, and in this way Nolans Batman has become so morally ambiguous that he does not fit into the conventional definitions of heroism or knighthood. As the green girlde transforms from a mark of shame into a chivalric honor, so too does Gawain become reconfigured into the dark knight of Batman. References Allen, Valerie. â€Å"Medieval English, 500-1500.† English Literature in Context, edited by Paul Poplawski, Cambridge UP, 2008, pp. 1-109. Anderson, J. J. â€Å"The Three Judgements and the Ethos of Chivalry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.† The Chaucer Review, 1990, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 337-355. Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by W. D. Ross, Oxford UP, 2009. Batman Begins. Dir. Christopher Nolan. Warner Bros., 2005. Gearhart, Grant. â€Å"Suiting up the Hero: Legacies of Medieval and Renaissance Armor and Identity in Christopher Nolan’s Batman Begins.† The Journal of Popular Culture, 2017, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 665-684. Johnson, Vilja. â€Å"It’s What You Do that Defines You†: Christopher Nolan’s Batman as Moral Philosopher.† The Journal of Popular Culture, 2014, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 952-967. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The Norton Anthology of English Literature, edited by Stephen Greenblatt, 9thed., W.W. Norton Co., 2012, pp. 183-238.

Use These Tips To Pick The Right College

Use These Tips To Pick The Right College Starting college can be like entering an entirely new world. You have more freedom than you've ever had before and you are in total control over your own life. This increased responsibility however can make you susceptible to some serous pitfalls. Read the following article to learn what habits to avoid in order to have a successful college career. When you are about to take a big exam, make sure you eat an adequate breakfast but keep it a little light. Don't go into a test hungry, or you'll have a lot of trouble concentrating. Do not overeat either; however, so you don't have to deal with an upset stomach. When you are trying to choose a school that you would like to attend you should weigh all of the pros and cons of the school compared to what your major will be. You can find many lists that tell you what the department at the school you are interested in ranks. Saying no to things that make you uncomfortable is just as important in college as it was when you lived with your parents. Many students experiment with alcohol or sex during their college years, but if you don't want to do these things, don't let anyone pressure you into them. Your college experience should be about having fun, exploring who you are and preparing for your future via your classes--not about doing things you don't truly want to do. Visit the dorm before deciding to live there. You may discover that you don't want to live in that environment. Not only that, but you may find that you prefer one dorm over the other. Make sure you will get the choice you signed up for, and make sure you have a contingency plan in place if you chose a single room but end up in a quad. As was stated in the beginning of this article, you have the freedom to do whatever you want in college, but with this increase in freedom comes greater responsibility. Make sure to implement the tips you've just read into your everyday life so that you can have a successful experience while having fun at the same time.

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Looking For Quality Comments For Essay Submission? Then Take a Look at Sample Comments For Essay Submission

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Before you register, read our guide on some of the risks of overall volunteer excursions and the best approach to comprehend if it's the right choice for you. On the off chance that you find a task you can start completely all alone, do it! < /p> <p>Reiterate how you changed as an outcome of your locale support, why you found the work significant, or the manner in which it helped other people. Keep perusing for many network administration tips to assist you with starting chipping in. Understudies should be given alternatives concerning where they need to lead their locale administrations. </p> <h2> If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Community Home Service Essay Samples</h2> <p>Cleaning your home isn't simply purifying continually, also, it implies being aware of the areas which are probably going to spread disease and removing the germs before they cause peril. Developing your companions makes the experience significantly all the more energizing and fulfilling. 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Evaluation At the finish of our occasion, we'd check the results, regardless of whether we've accomplished our objectives or not. </p> <p>It is urgent to see how to adjust every part of your work. The activity of finding an appropriate scene will be given to Sarah. An individual ought to consistently be prepared to confront all the circumstances and should figure out how to stay safe when making their commitment to the general public. On the off chance that the specific understudy takes part in something which is a ground for wrongdoing and gets rebuffed with long periods of network help, at that point her or his perspective on the full action may shift.</p> <h2>Community Home Service Essay Samples Options </h2> <p>1 call will permit you to finish that creating daily agenda. Administration is done from the integrity of every individual. We have a bit by bit control which will disclose to you how to procure an exceptional reference letter from your locale administration administrator. 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Essay on Gangs of New York - 1544 Words

Picture Manhattan in 1860, a time before the city had been dolled up and gotten ready for the silver screen, before the glamour and allure took over. Amsterdam Vallan (DiCaprio) is a young Irish man that migrates to the USA at a young age. Amsterdam’s story takes place in Five Points District of New York, a filthy and dangerous part of the city before it was deleted form history. As a young boy Vallan witnessed his father’s murder at the hand of William Cutting or Bill the Butcher (Day-Lewis) during one of their many gang wars. As Amsterdam’s story progresses along side The Butcher they become inseparable, but Amsterdam had ulterior motive. Ultimately, Amsterdam attempts to betray his new found ally in order to avenge his father’s death.†¦show more content†¦Trouble begun to stir when the new comers needed jobs, and the taxes along with the amount of space changed drastically. The amount of disgrace bestowed upon the points came across clearly fro m Amsterdam’s perspective. He saw the filth and hatred, yet he stayed and battles because it was his land and he had the right. Similarly, â€Å"Mag’s trademark was her ability to bite of rowdy customers, and she displayed these anatomical trophies in a pickle jar up on the back bar.†(Slayton 19), the influent loons who had lived in the era and were historical characters were present through Amsterdam’s life as well. Though after ruckus upturned by the gangs, street names were changed and Little Water Street was deleted, in order to clear the slum and undergo the demolition of a â€Å"shameful† part of history. That the place known as Five points has long been notorious... as being the nursery where every species of vice is conceived and matured; that it is infested by a class of the most abandoned and desperate character.... In conclusion your Committee remark, that this hot–bed of infamy, this modern Sodom, is situated in the very heart of your City, and near the centre of business and of respectable population.... Remove this nucleus—scatter its present population over a larger surface—throw open this part of your city to the enterprise of active and respectable men, and you will have effected much for which good men will be grateful. (Board of Assistant AldermenShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gangs of New York905 Words   |  4 PagesGangs of New York: Who’s A True American? â€Å"You can hire half the poor to kill the other half.† Boss Tweed spoke these words in reference to the Draft Riots. It shows that you can easily turn the poor against each other, if you bring money into the situation. Gangs of New York is about the separation of the Irish and the Natives, which eventually led into larger conflicts. In this film there are two important characters, Amsterdam Vallon and Boyle McGloin, who were both Irishmen in the Five PointsRead MoreGangs of New York by Herbert Asbury Essay3497 Words   |  14 PagesTHE GANGS OF NEW YORK, written by Herbert Asbury, was used as the basis for the movie GANGS of NEW YORK, a gangster film directed by Martin Scorsese and starring Daniel Day-Lewis and Leonardo DiCaprio. Filmed in Rome, Gangs covers a period of New York Citys history, from the 1840s through to the bloody Draft Riots of 1863, at a time when graft and corruption permeated every level of government including the police department. The movies main plot revolves around revenge and the feuding betweenRead MoreGangs of New York, an Example of Naturalism Essay839 Words   |  4 PagesIn the beginning, it seems unlikely that Gangs of New York will be an example of naturalism. Unlike To Build a Fire or Open Boat, the whole story of Gangs of New York happens in a civilized area, and nobody is in a case of danger because of the nature. Naturalism is implicit in this article. But being implicit does not mean it is ineffective. Instead, the idea of naturalism within this article is more confound than other two stories we studied before. The very first scene, a cave is hidden underneathRead More Gangs of New York History vs. Hollywood Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The movie begins in New York, in 1843, with a gang fight. Bill â€Å"the butcher† Cutting’s gang of â€Å"nativists† have challenged the â€Å"dead rabbits† (a gang of mostly Irish immigrants) to a fight to settle once and for all who is the most powerful gang in the area. After an intense battle the â€Å"nativists† win by killing the leader of the â€Å"dead rabbits†, also Amsterdam’s (the main character’s) father. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Amsterdam is then led into an orphanage whereRead MoreGangs of New York Essay697 Words   |  3 PagesGangs of New York: A Cultural Shift Jeremiah Harrity SOCI220 American Popular Culture Dr. Nancy Wack April 13, 2013 Gangs of New York: A Cultural Shift In the movie â€Å"Gangs of New York†, we see a city changed and reshaped through cultural influence of feuding individuals with different ideas. The movie is about a young man, Amsterdam Vance, who seeks to avenge his father, who was brutally murder in a gang dispute, against his adversary Bill the Butcher. On the surface the movie seemsRead MoreThe Film Gangs Of New York1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe film Gangs of New York, highlighted the facets of many different gangs; the most important being the Natives and the Dead Rabbits. Both gangs vied for power over the region called the Five Points during the Civil War time period. Within the film there were many different examples of social stratification like class privilege, status, and power. The examples of stratification were shown by both gangs and the individuals that the gangs were compromised of. The purpose of this paper is to analyzeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Gangs Of New York 1352 Words   |  6 PagesP ositive Criticism - http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0217505/ Warping you into Manhattan’s Five Points, an area in New York City upon which seemed as a place with no law during the mid-19th century. The drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, Gangs of New York, provides us an account of the anarchy that occurred; following the life of a man named Amsterdam, the son of a popular Irish-American leader, Priest Valon. 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At first scornful of her estranged father’s return to their home after several years of living among Chiricahua, she reluctantly asks his help to retrieve

Waterhouse Cranfield Survey Taylor Francis -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Waterhouse Cranfield Survey Taylor Francis? Answer: Introduction The employee friendly offices of google mainly aims in providing maximum satisfaction to its employees by given them mental peace. In addition, the Switzerland office of google has the maximum facilities for its employees ranging from free food, sleeping pods and other amenities. Moreover, office of google present all over the world does not charge their employees any kind of money for the goods and services. This has relatively allowed the organisation to improve employee productivity and raise their work satisfaction level (Cascio 2018). The amenities and facilities provided by google helps in boosting employee satisfaction level, as employees can reduce their stress within the premises. In addition, google by reducing the strict office rules is improving employee satisfaction level. The USA office of Google is considered to have one of the best working environments currently present in the world, as it provides all the relevant facilities for its employees. Starting from free food, sleeping pod, travelling cars, gym and other facilities are provided in the Google office. The Brazil and China division of Google has been providing high-end services to their employees by giving extra facilities. The evaluation of YouTube video depicts the different level of operations, which is been conducted google outlets all over the world. Hence, from the evaluation it could be detected that Googles Switzerland branch is the most employee friendly operations. Zappos work culture mainly focuses in ten core values, which is used in reinforcing the values of their employees, visitors, customers, and partners. In addition, the company mainly aims in improving the level of culture and building fun workplace with a tiny bit of weirdness. Zappos work culture is relatively creative, which helps in motivating its employees and generate high level of productivity. Relevant training system, and hiring process needs to implemented in the company to conduct similar initiatives (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). The learning process, career path, and human resource consideration needs to be conducted by the company for adopting the initiatives of Zappos within the organisation. For implementing the work culture of Zappos, the managers need to understand the benefits and work culture of the organisation. the different approach and little weirdness, which us used as their USP can be identified, as the different level of contribution provided by the employees to their productivity. This relatively indicates that the management needs to bring some weirdness within the employees, which could help in increasing satisfaction level of the employees. Hence, the introduction of little weirdness within the organisation might help in raising the level of employee satisfaction and productivity. Google leadership style is relatively different from other companies, as the founders mainly tend to provide all the facilities to their employee for reducing stress and provide the best possible work place. The companys founders have different approach towards leadership style, where they want their employees to increase the level of work satisfaction. In addition, Zappos management has used the same type of leadership style in their business, where little weirdness in brought by all employees of the company. Moreover, the little weirdness in the company has helped in improving the level of employee satisfaction level and allow them to support organisational productivity (Brewster et al. 2016). The unique implementation of the leadership style has increased demand among talented employees, who want to work in the organisation. This adoption of unique leadership style allowed the company influence employee behaviour and raise morale of their respective workplace. Google mainly focuses in providing world class service and amenities to their employees, which might help in improving the level of satisfaction among employees. The leadership style of Google is different where it aims in improving the level of satisfaction of their employees, as in the coding business the mind set of employees need to be at top level. The coding business of google is relatively at high position, where the leader aims in attracting more and more coders in their business by providing the most viable employee solution in their office promises. However, h leadership style Zappos is relevantly different from google, as it only allows the employee to bring some weirdness, where their action is acceptabl e by the management. The management aims in brining friendly environment within the organisation for promoting their performance. Adequate pre-departure training could be conducted by the British family, as they need to stay in UAE for more than 3 years, where the cultural, ethnic, and logistical information needs to be absorbed by them. This information could eventually help in their survival during the 3-year period. The program that needs to be followed by the British family is discussed as follows. Culture profiling helps in identifying the difference and similarity in habits of both the countries Country briefing helps in detecting the most viable information regarding the host country and how it could benefit the British family during the stay Cultural adaptation helps in forcing the culture stock training to the British family, which would help in reducing any kind of future difficulties faced by the family. Logistical information training will allow the British family gather information regarding emergency contacts, which would help in adverse circumstances Table Manners training also helps in an effective tool, which might help the British family in socialising with the residents of UAE. Critical incident needs to be conducted, where the problem discussion would help the British family in understanding the in-depth workings in UAE. Relevant Movie viewing needs to be conducted by the British family, as it helps in understating behaviour and other aspect, which might support their living in Dubai (Chelladurai and Kerwin 2017). Language training also needs to be conducted by the British family, which might help in improving their communication skills needed in UAE. The designed training program could allow the British family to reduce the hinderance, which might incur during the stay in UAE. The above designed training program might allow the British family to train adequately for living in UAE. The increment training schedule comprise of language training, table manners and essential contact details, which will be needed by the British family in socialising in UAE. With this it would allow the family to reduce the negative impact of alienation in UAE and make their stay smooth. The designed program is able to provide all the relevant information, which is needed by the British family in supporting the living process in UAE. Considering the International HR strategies, the approach taken be Mazda was appropriate in comparison to the decision taken by Chrysler. Mazda mainly curbed its excess expenditure conducted on managers and other bonuses, which was provide by the company. This would eventually allow the organisation in reducing the excess expenses and improve their solvency condition. However, comparing the decision of Mazda with Chrysler, the difference in approach is relatively drastic, where Chrysler took adverse decision of terminating its employees. This decision had an adverse effect on the international HR strategies, as they relived maximum of their employees due to bankruptcy. Therefore, it could be understood that Mazda fully supports the attributes of HR policies, while Chrysler has an adverse effect on value of HR policies (Jackson 2014). The identified starkly difference in the management of Mazda and Chrysler is due to the change in cultural impact of the company. Mazda mainly focuses on retaining the employees, where it could maintain the level of productivity and reduce the short term negative impact on their financial performance. On the other hand, Chrysler management focuses in retaining the level of income and financial stability by reducing cost of employees. The company sacked maximum of their employees, where it reduced the cost and was able to comply with the difficult financial position. Moreover, the HR international strategies comply with Mazda decision, as it focuses in retaining the employees, while declining the managerial pay. From the decision made between Mazda and Chrysler the difference in culture could be understood within America and Japan. American company mainly values profits and focuses in reducing their expenses. On the other hand, Japanese companies values human resource of their organisation and tend to curb the rising salaries of their employees (Marchington et al. 2016). The employee characteristics of Japan is group oriented, while US is individual oriented. This directly indicates that Japanese companies focuses on group performance and needs workforce to succeed in their operations. However, US companies single out individuals conducting high performance and reward them on their achievement. This drastic change in employee culture mainly depicts the difference in decision that was made by Mazda and Chrysler. This change in culture is due to the mind set of people working in US and Japan, who has different level of operations. The culture in Japan is different in US, where sleeping on Job is considered a hard-working individual, whereas in US the person is terminated. The people working in Japan has refined nature where work and input of a person is considered adequate and team work is preferred. The Japanese management prefer a team work period rather than solo performer. On the other hand, US companies mainly prefer individuals with sole performer and could stand out of the crowd. The company culture in US is competitive and team player is considered a weak individual. Therefore, the US companies mainly reply on individual to outperform and promote employee to increase their output. From the evaluation it could be identified that only geocentric staffing measure have positive advantages, while both the other staffing method has disadvantages, as it restricts the employee within on frame. With the help of geocentric staffing measures companies can appoint best people within the organisation regardless of the nationality (Wilton 2016). However, both ethnocentric and polycentric staffing measures have different type of advantages to the employees, where reduction in unemployment and improvement of organisation culture can be conducted. However, the progress of employees is restricted with these types of staffing measure, as it could not help in improving their experience level. On the other hand, geocentric staffing measures provides advantage to both companies and staff, as it helps in improving their experience level. The geocentric staffing policies allow organisation to acquire the best people in their company, which could improve the level of productivity and raising profitability level of the company. There are many advantages to the company, however certain problems related to human resource attribute cannot be fulfilled. The selection of only good employees will halt the progress of host country and will not allow other employees of progress. On the other hand, using polycentric staffing system might allow host country employees for managing their subsidiary. This allow the company to increase motivational level among the host country employees. However, it also reduces the ability of company to attain high quality employees in their vicinity. The ethnocentric mainly restricts the employees to only hire management staff from their own nationality. This increases the chance of host countries staff to learn distinct managerial roles, which could help in creating more leaders. Geocentric approach is used by companies such as Google and Microsoft, as it helps them get the best possible employees in their workforce. The process has allowed Microsoft and Google to acquire the best possible employees for conducting their work and maintain the position of number one. In addition, polycentric approach is currently used by subsidiary companies situated in different counties, such as TATA and HCL located in India. The outsourcing that is been conducted by TATA and HCL has allowed the US parent companies to get the services at lower cost, as employees are restricted to only national level. This decision allows HCL and TATA to support their clients in US and promote its employee from home country. Moreover, McDonald and KFC can be identified, as the ethnocentric approach, as the company uses host countries employee for their work. The identified companies have been using the staffing measures, as it has allowed them to maximise their production and increase revenue (Cascio 2018). The above-mentioned companies are benefiting from the staffing programs, as they are able to excel and raise their productivity. The news of Etisalat outsourcing its services to Egypt came after the scandal in India, where the operations of the company has stooped. However, the company stated that it could not let go of it employee in UAE and would transfer them to other companies where they are outsourcing the services. This move has benefited the HR initiatives, as the company is creating more jobs by reducing its operational cost and maintaining the level of income that is benefited to survive the competitive market. This move was made due to the declining profits incurred by the company during 2011. Hence, HR initiates of Etisalat would be hampered as they must relocate their employees to other countries and reduce its workforce to support the rising cost (Brewster and Hegewisch 2017). The major benefit to the HR initiative will incur from rising employment, which is going to be conducted by Etisalat. This will increase the chances of Etisalat to reduce the negative impact from its rising cost and generate high profits. This increment in profits would allow the company to retain their current employees and generate high profits. The move made by Etisalat not to sack their employee instead to relocate them to different subsidiary fully support the HR initiative. Reference Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Brewster, C. and Hegewisch, A. eds., 2017.Policy and practice in European human resource management: The Price Waterhouse Cranfield survey. Taylor Francis. Brewster, C., Houldsworth, E., Sparrow, P. and Vernon, G., 2016.International human resource management. Kogan Page Publishers. Cascio, W., 2018.Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Chelladurai, P. and Kerwin, S., 2017.Human resource management in sport and recreation. Human Kinetics. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R. and Kynighou, A., 2016.Human resource management at work. Kogan Page Publishers. Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Shen, J., 2016. Principles and applications of multilevel modeling in human resource management research.Human Resource Management,55(6), pp.951-965. Wilton, N., 2016.An introduction to human resource management. Sage.